Apple (AAPL)
Duan Yongping has held a heavy position for a long time, considering it one of the very few great enterprises that can “do the right thing” in the long run.
🏢 Company Profile
Apple is one of the companies Duan Yongping has held the longest and with the heaviest position. His core logic for being bullish on Apple is not the products, but the Corporate Culture—“Without a strong culture, there can be no great company.” Apple has a Pursuit Beyond Profit (making the best products, not just pursuing profit), a strict Stop Doing List, and a very deep Moat (brand + ecosystem + switching costs).
📅 Investment Timeline
| Time | Event | Duan’s Judgment |
|---|---|---|
| Before 2011 | Missed early Apple | Classified Jobs as a “Time Teller,” believing Apple relied too much on an individual. |
| 2011 | Started buying at ~$44 (split-adjusted) | Market cap ~300B, net cash 100B; effectively buying a company earning ~20B now and potentially 50B in 5 years for only 200B. |
| 2012 | Changed view on Jobs | ”Suddenly realized he is actually a very good Clock Builder, because I’ve seen the clock.” |
| 2013 | Continued holding during price drop | ”The reasons for buying haven’t changed a bit; everything that needed to be said has been said.” |
| 2014 | Continued holding | ”Apple has actually never been as strong as it is now!“ |
| 2018 | Stanford speech on Apple | ”A good company doesn’t need to be sold!“ |
| 2019+ | Long-term heavy position | Apple has a pursuit beyond profit; Cook is one of Jobs’ greatest inventions. |
💡 Why Duan is Bullish on Apple
- Strong Corporate Culture: Duan says, “Apple’s cultural strength is high; they have a strict Stop Doing List, they must satisfy the user, and they must make the best products”—this is what he values most.
- Pursuit Beyond Profit: Jobs said “The motivation comes from the product, not the profit,” to which Duan added, “This is what pursuit beyond profit means!” Apple is the most typical case of this concept.
- Clock Builder: Duan initially put Jobs in the “Time Teller” category but later changed his mind—“Because I saw the clock.” Apple’s culture, Apple University, and the grooming of Tim Cook are all part of the clock Jobs built.
- Deep Moat: Brand premium + ecosystem lock-in + high switching costs—once users enter the Apple ecosystem, it’s very hard for them to leave.
- Cook is better than Jobs: Duan says, “Cook is a better CEO than Jobs. Cook is more rational, while in his bones he deeply understands Jobs’ pursuits.”
🔑 Why Duan Could Understand Apple
Duan was able to understand Apple for two key reasons:
1. Over 20 years of personal experience in consumer electronics
“One of the important reasons I like Apple’s business model comes from my own 20+ years of experience in consumer electronics. Apple is the business model I’ve always dreamed of but seemed unable to achieve.” (Source: Duan Yongping Q&A, Investment Logic, 2013-01-22)
2. OPPO and Apple share similar DNA
“OPPO and Apple actually share many of the same genes, which is also one of the reasons I finally understood Apple.” (Source: Duan Yongping Q&A, Investment Logic, 2011-08-07)
Together, these two points formed what Duan calls “understanding”—“Reaching this conclusion means you’ve understood it. If you don’t understand, absolutely do not touch it.”
📱 Apple Product Experience: Duan’s Firsthand Judgment
Duan’s judgment of Apple comes from his personal experience using the products. He doesn’t start from financial reports, but from the user experience:
“I decided to spend some time using Android things and found they really aren’t as easy to use as Apple’s, and the gap isn’t small. I used to be very resistant to Apple… but after using an iPhone and iPad for a while, I was truly impressed.” (2011-02-12)
“iPhone? I knew how to use it almost as soon as I got it. The clerk just told me where the switch was… it took about 15 seconds.” (2011-04-01)
💰 Purchase Valuation: The Arithmetic Process
“When I bought Apple in 2011, it had about a 300 billion market cap, with 100 billion in net cash, and profits were less than 20 billion. Based on my understanding, I guessed profits would grow to about 50 billion in 5 years. So the thought was simple: use 200 billion to buy a company earning 20 billion now and 50 billion later. Reaching this conclusion makes it a simple math problem, but getting there took me 20 years of effort.” (2019-05-20)
🔄 Buyback Logic
Apple’s buybacks are a case Duan repeatedly praises, serving as a standard to distinguish good companies from poor ones:
“Apple actually did borrow money for buybacks as I thought they would. Good companies know how to spend money. In this regard, NetEase isn’t a good company; too much cash lying on the books. Cash not used will depreciate!” (2014-06-06)
💬 Original Quotes
“Apple is a rare company that can focus on ‘doing the right thing’ for a long time.” (2013-02-13)
“Has Apple declined? Apple has actually never been as strong as it is now! This means without a strong culture, there can be no great company.” (2014-02-02)
📚 Investment Insights
- Corporate Culture over Product: Duan invests in Apple not just because the iPhone is good, but because the culture can continuously produce good products.
- Value of the Clock Builder: The cultural system Jobs established keeps Apple strong even after his departure.
- Rewards of Long-termism: Holding Apple for over 10 years is a testament to the “buying a company” faith.
- Circle of Competence is key: Duan’s understanding of Apple was rooted in his 20+ years of industry experience—without it, the “simple math” wouldn’t have been possible.
🔗 Related Notes
Related Concepts Corporate Culture · Pursuit Beyond Profit · Moat · Clock Builders vs. Time Tellers · Stop Doing List · Circle of Competence Related People Duan Yongping · Warren Buffett Related Companies BBK · OPPO · Moutai · NetEase
苹果(Apple)
段永平长期重仓持有,认为是极少数能长期”做对的事情”的伟大企业
🏢 公司简介
苹果是段永平持仓时间最长、仓位最重的公司之一。他看好苹果的核心逻辑不是产品,而是企业文化——“没有强大的文化,就不会有伟大的公司”。苹果有利润之上的追求(做最好的产品,而不是追求利润),有严格的Stop Doing List,有极深的护城河(品牌+生态系统+转换成本)。
📅 投资时间线
| 时间 | 事件 | 段永平的判断 |
|---|---|---|
| 2011年前 | 错过早期苹果 | 把乔布斯划到”报时人”里,认为苹果依赖个人 |
| 2011年 | 开始买入,股价约310/7=44美元 | 市值约3000亿,净现金1000亿,实际只花2000亿买一个年赚近200亿、未来5年可能赚500亿的公司 |
| 2012年 | 改变对乔布斯的看法 | ”突然悟到其实他还是一个很好的造钟人,因为我看见那个钟了” |
| 2013年 | 持续持有,股价跌到3字头 | ”买的理由一条也没变过,该说的也都说过了” |
| 2014年 | 持续持有 | ”苹果其实从没有像现在这么强大过!“ |
| 2018年 | 斯坦福演讲中谈苹果 | ”好公司是不需要卖的!“ |
| 2019年+ | 长期重仓 | 苹果有利润之上的追求,库克是乔布斯最伟大的发明之一 |
💡 段永平为什么看好苹果
- 企业文化极强:段永平说”苹果文化的强度很强,有严格的Stop Doing List,一定要满足用户,一定做最好的产品”——这是他最看重的。
- 利润之上的追求:乔布斯说”动力来自产品,而不是利润”,段永平批注”这就叫利润之上的追求!“——苹果是这个概念最典型的案例。
- 造钟人:段永平最初把乔布斯划到”报时人”里,后来改变看法——“因为我看见那个钟了”。苹果文化、苹果大学、库克的培养,都是乔布斯造的钟。
- 护城河极深:品牌溢价 + 生态系统锁定 + 转换成本极高——用户一旦进入苹果生态,很难离开。
- 库克比乔布斯更好:段永平说”库克是个比乔布斯更好的CEO。库克更理性,同时骨子里对乔布斯的追求非常理解”。
🔑 为什么段永平能看懂苹果
段永平能看懂苹果,有两个关键原因:
1. 消费电子20多年的亲身经验
“本人喜欢苹果生意模式的很重要的一点来自于自己在消费电子20多年的体验,苹果是我一直梦寐以求但似乎难以达到的生意模式。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2013-01-22)
“呵呵,这是我能看懂苹果的重要原因之一,没有那段经历,不一定会知道苹果有多厉害。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2012-02-01)
2. OPPO和苹果有相同的基因
“OPPO和APPLE其实有很多相同的基因,这也是我最后能看懂APPLE的原因之一。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2011-08-07)
这两点合在一起,构成了段永平所说的”懂了”的前提——“能得到这个结论,就叫懂了。不懂则千万千万别碰”。
📱 苹果产品体验:段永平的第一手判断
段永平对苹果的判断,来自于他亲身使用产品的体验。他不是从财报出发,而是从产品体验出发:
“我可是下决心去花时间用了一会儿android的东西,觉得确实不如苹果的好用,而且差距还不小。我以前其实很抵触苹果的,不然不会到上个月才想起来要买苹果。用了一段iphone和ipad后,确实很服气。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2011-02-12)
“iphone?呵呵,我几乎拿到手里时就会用了。店员只是告诉我开关在哪里,那些图标是什么,前后花了大概15秒钟。当苹果的销售员可真容易啊,我自己前段时间在苹果店里只花了几分钟就推销了一台ipad2。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2011-04-01)
“我刚刚买了一台Macbook,去上了一个小时的一对一的课,突然发现原来苹果的电脑也很好用。如果10年前我想起来去上个这个课的话,我就发达了。这是我用电脑以来消费感受最好的一次。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2011-03-01)
“居然有人非说人们买茅台是因为茅台贵,有趣,有点像说iPhone的用户都是为了显摆一样。消费者的眼睛是雪亮雪亮的,只要时间足够长,啥事都能明白。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2013-04-02)
💰 买入估值:完整算术过程
“我在2011年买苹果的时候,苹果大概3000亿市值(当时股价310/7=44),手里有1000亿净现金,那时候利润大概不到200亿。以我对苹果的理解,我认为苹果未来5年左右赢利大概率会涨很多,所以我就猜个500亿(去年595亿)。所以当时想的东西非常简单,用2000亿左右市值买个目前赚接近200亿/年,未来5年左右会赚到500亿/年或以上的公司(而且还会往后继续很好)。如果有这个结论,买苹果不过是个简单算术题,你只要根据你自己的机会成本就可以决定了。但得到这个结论非常不容易,对我来说至少20年功夫吧。能得到这个结论,就叫懂了。不懂则千万千万别碰。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2019-05-20)
这段话是段永平讲”懂了”最完整的表述:估值不是复杂的模型,而是一道简单算术题——前提是你真的懂这家公司。
🔄 回购逻辑
苹果的回购是段永平反复称赞的案例,也是他区分好公司和差公司的重要标准:
“前面提到苹果的回购问题,最后苹果真的像我认为的那样举债回购了(由于境外的钱暂时回不来)。好公司是知道怎么花钱的那些公司。这点上网易不算好公司,账上躺太多现金。账上的现金不用是会贬值的!“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2014-06-06)
“茅台的生意模式不错,但对赚到的钱的处理方式不尽如人意,苹果在这方面则是完美的。从这两年两个公司出现回购机会时两家公司完全不同的表现就可以看出这点。苹果对分红和回购的策略的阐述是非常清晰的,作为股东基本可预期。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2015-04-09)
💬 原文摘录
“苹果是非常难见到的能够长期focus在’做对的事情’的企业。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2013-02-13)
“苹果衰落了吗?苹果其实从没有像现在这么强大过!这段话的意思是,没有强大的文化,就不会有伟大的公司。乔布斯就是想建立强大的企业文化并且确实做到了!只有强大的企业文化才能不断吸引到好的人才并留住他们。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2014-02-02)
“他(库克)说:‘当我们付出努力,为了让盲人也可以使用我们的设备时,我是不会考虑该死的ROI(投资回报率)的。‘苹果在发起环保倡议、保护员工安全和其他政策时也是如此。———这就叫利润之上的追求!“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2019-06-27)
“苹果很难得,focus(聚焦)在自己做的事情上。苹果有利润之上的追求,就是做最好的产品。苹果文化的强度很强,有严格的Stop Doing List,一定要满足用户,一定做最好的产品。“(来源:斯坦福SDL对话,2018-09-30)
“好公司是不需要卖的!“(被问到什么时候卖苹果,来源:斯坦福SDL对话,2018-09-30)
“本人喜欢苹果生意模式的很重要的一点来自于自己在消费电子20多年的体验,苹果是我一直梦寐以求但似乎难以达到的生意模式。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2013-01-22)
“OPPO和APPLE其实有很多相同的基因,这也是我最后能看懂APPLE的原因之一。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2011-08-07)
“好公司是知道怎么花钱的那些公司。“(来源:段永平投资问答录(投资逻辑篇),2014-06-06)
📚 投资启示
- 企业文化比产品更重要:段永平投苹果,不是因为iPhone好,而是因为苹果的文化能持续产出好产品——这是好公司的标准的核心逻辑。
- 造钟人的价值:乔布斯建立的文化系统,让苹果在他离开后依然强大——这是判断伟大公司的重要维度。
- 长期主义的回报:段永平持有苹果超过10年,这是买股票就是买公司信仰的最好体现。
- 能力圈决定能否看懂:段永平能看懂苹果,是因为20多年消费电子经验 + OPPO基因的相似性——没有这个基础,估值算术题根本做不出来。
🔗 相关笔记
相关概念 企业文化 · 利润之上的追求 · 护城河 · 造钟人vs报时人 · Stop Doing List · 能力圈 相关人物 段永平 · 巴菲特 相关公司 步步高 · OPPO(都有类似的文化基因)· 茅台(回购对比)· 网易(现金管理对比)